Skin prick test

Skin prick test (SPT) is the most effective diagnostic test to detect IgE mediated type I allergic reactions like allergic rhinitis, atopic asthma, acute urticaria, food allergy etc. SPTs are done to know allergic sensitivity and applied for devising immunotherapy as the therapeutic modality.

How the Test is Performed?
There are three common methods of allergy skin testing.

The skin prick test involves:

• Placing a small amount of substances (allergens) that may be causing your symptoms on the skin, most often on the forearm, upper arm, or back.
• The skin is then pricked so the allergen goes under the skin's surface.
• The health care provider closely watches the skin for swelling and redness or other signs of a reaction. Results are usually seen within 15 to 20 minutes.
• Several allergens can be tested at the same time.

How should I prepare for an allergy test?

Your healthcare provider may ask you to stop taking allergy medications like antihistamines three to seven days before an allergy test. These medicines can interfere with test results by stopping your immune system’s response to allergens. You should continue to take asthma medication if you need it. Talk to your healthcare provider if you have questions about how to prepare for your test.

Whom to test ?

• People with early disease
• Failure to respond to conservative management
• Exacerbated symptoms / frequent symptoms
• Progressive atopic march
• Impaired quality of life

The healthcare professional based on the symptoms and history of patient plans the types of allergens to be tested. Talk to your doctor to know more about the panel to be tested that may include air borne allergens, dust mites, fungal spores, animal dander and food allergens.